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The Topic Explorer uses the same search and topic filters for all of the different resources on this site. It is meant to allow easy cross-examination of different issues.

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Primers

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Documents

Date ▲	Title	File
1961-07-16	Atomic Stockpiles Memorandum	PDF
1962-06-2	NSA, Permissive Links for Nuclear Weapons in NATO Memorandum No. 160	PDF
1963-03-22	NSA, Assignment of Highest National Priority to Project PAL (Permissive Links for Nuclear Weapons in NATO)	PDF
1963-08-10	NSA, Permissive Link for Minuteman	PDF
1964-07-22	DDRS, Letter to McGeorge Bundy from the Deputy Secretary of Defense regarding the modified installation of permissive action link (PAL) devices on various weapons systems.	PDF
1964-12-01	DDRS, Briefing to the Gilpatric Committee by William J. Howard	PDF
1975-09-04	DDRS, Jan Lodal of the NSC analyzes DOD comments on the President's letter to Senator Brooke concerning "First Use/First Strike."	PDF
1978-02	OASOD, "History of the Custody and Deployment of Nuclear Weapons, July 1945 through September 1977"	PDF

Bibliographies

Allard, Kenneth. Command, Control, and the Common Defense. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.

Burr, William. "Consultation is Presidential Business": Secret Understandings on the Use of Nuclear Weapons, 1950-1974. Electronic Briefing Book No. 159. Washington, D.C.: National Security Archive, 2005. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB159/.

Butcher, Martin, Otfried Nassauer, Tanya Padberg, and Dan Plesch. Questions of Command and Control: NATO, Nuclear Sharing, and the NP. PENN Research Report 2000.1. Berlin: Project on European Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 2000. http://www.bits.de/public/pdf/00-1command.pdf.

Carter, Ashton B., Charles A. Zraket, and John D. Steinbruner. Managing Nuclear Operations. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1987.

Congressional Research Service. Authority to order the use of nuclear weapons (United States, United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, People's Republic of China). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 1975. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003216700/Home.

Fitzpatrick, Mark. "Removing Nuclear Weapons from Turkey." Survival, 58, no. 5 (October-November 2016): 53-58.

Gavin, Francis J. "The Myth of Flexible Response: United States Strategy in Europe during the 1960s." The International History Review 23, no. 4 (December 2001): 847-875

Gregory, Shaun R. "The Command and Control of British Tactical Nuclear Weapons." Defense Analysis 4, no. 1 (1988): 39-51.

Gregory, Shaun R. "French Nuclear Command and Control." Defense Analysis 6, no. 1 (1990): 49-68.

Gregory, Shaun R. Nuclear Command and Control in NATO: Nuclear Weapons Operations and the Strategy of Flexible Response. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Kristensen, Hans M. U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe: A Review of Post-Cold War Policy, Force Levels, and War Planning. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council, 2005. https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/euro.pdf.

Trachtenberg, Marc. A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1953. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.

Twigge, Stephen and Len Scott. Planning Armageddon: Britain, the United States, and the Command of Western Nuclear Forces, 1945-1964. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000.